The Mass-to-Light Ratios of the Draco and Ursa Minor Dwarf Spheroidal Galaxies. II. The Binary Population and Its Effect in the Measured Velocity Dispersions of Dwarf Spheroidal Galaxies

We use a large set of radial velocities in the Ursa Minor and Draco dwarf spheroidal galaxies to search for binary stars and to infer the binary frequency. Of the 118 stars in our sample with multiple observations, six are velocity variables with $\chi^2$ probabilities below 0.001. We use Monte Carlo simulations that mimic our observations to determine the efficiency with which our observations find binary stars. Our best, though significantly uncertain, estimate of the binary frequency for stars near the turnoff in Draco and UMi is 0.2--0.3 per decade of period in the vicinity of periods of one year, which is 3--5$\times$ that found for the solar neighborhood. This frequency is high enough that binary stars might significantly affect the measured velocity dispersions of some dwarf spheroidal galaxies according to some previous numerical experiments. However, in the course of performing our own experiments, we discovered that this previous work had inadvertently overestimated binary orbital velocities. Our first set of simulations of the effects of binaries is based on the observed scatter in the individual velocity measurements for the multiply-observed Draco and Ursa Minor stars. This scatter is small compared to measured velocity dispersions and, so, the effect of binaries on the dispersions is slight. This result is supported by our second set of experiments, which are based on a model binary population normalized by the observed binary frequency in Draco and Ursa Minor. We conclude that binary stars have had no significant effect on the measured velocity dispersion and inferred mass-to-light ratio of any dwarf spheroidal galaxy.Comment: 33 pages, 95kb uuencoded, gzipped postscript; Accepted by Astronomical Journal; gzipped, tarred postscript of text, tables, figures available at ftp://as.arizona.edu/pub/edo (binaries_in_dsph.tar.gz

Perioperative Glycemic Management

Proposals and Goals: 1. We propose creating a standard easy to use and safe protocol for glycemic management for same day/elective surgical patients. 2. Following implementation in same day and elective surgical procedures, we propose expanding the protocol to be effective in urgent and emergent inpatient surgical procedures.https://jdc.jefferson.edu/patientsafetyposters/1068/thumbnail.jp

Ambulation protocols leading to decreased postoperative complications and hospital stay

Background: In the postoperative course, patients are routinely encouraged to ambulate as frequently as possible. Typically in the hospital this can become burdensome to the staff and often becomes low priority. Patients are also not aware of the frequency and quality of the ambulation that is sufficient in the postoperative period. At present, patients on the surgical floor who are completely independent and without any devices (eg. Oxygen, nasogastric tubes, chest tubes) are freely able to ambulate at will although there is no reliable way to track this progress. Other patients with devices are limited to waiting for nursing or ancillary staff to assist them with securing the devices that they require in the postoperative period. Ambulation has been positively associated with decreased postoperative complications ranging from bowel function to deep venous thrombosis to pneumonia.https://jdc.jefferson.edu/patientsafetyposters/1065/thumbnail.jp

Standardized Consent Forms for Surgical Procedures: An Intervention to Improve the Resident-led Informed Consent Process

Objectives and Goals: To provide high quality, consistent consent forms for common surgical procedures and improve resident workflow by creating and implementing standardized printed consents for common surgical procedures. These consents will be used by residents consenting patients in the ED or inpatient setting. Consents shall include standardized procedure descriptions, risks and benefits of the procedure, and alternative treatment option descriptions, risks and benefitshttps://jdc.jefferson.edu/patientsafetyposters/1057/thumbnail.jp

Rola patomorfologa w doborze terapii ukierunkowanej na receptor czynnika wzrostu naskórka (EGFR) u chorych na nowotwory

Targeted therapy has become an important modality of cancer treatment in the last decade. Drugs against EGFR and HER2 e.g. erlotinib, cetuximab or trastuzumab proved its role n therapy. They are managed as registered and recommended modalities of lung, alimentary tract and breast carcinoma. Significance of targeted treatment is a common effect of drug action and patient selection. Only a part of patients with tumors belonging to a specific histological type of cancer can benefit from targeted therapy. Determining predictive factor — informating on potential response to therapy — is essential for proper treatment in targeted therapy. Patients’ selection is accomplished by pathological methods with help of molecular biology techniques. Patient selection for targeted treatment and predictive factors evaluation criteria as well as establishing connections with traditional tumor characteristics (e.g. histological type, grade, stage) are continuously under research. Predictive factors are also investigated for traditional chemotherapeutics in recent years. Value of particular predictive factor depends on choice of evaluation method. Onkol. Prak. Klin. 2010; 6, 5: 228–235Leczenie celowane stało się w ostatniej dekadzie ważnym sposobem terapii chorych na raka. Potwierdzono skuteczność leków skierowanych przeciw receptorowi czynnika wzrostu naskórka (EGFR) i HER2, takich jak erlotynib, cetuksymab czy trastuzumab, a ich stosowanie obejmuje leczenie nowotworów płuca, przewodu pokarmowego i piersi. Wartość leków celowanych jest wypadkową działania leku i selekcji pacjentów do terapii. Leki celowane, jak wykazują wyniki badań, są skuteczne jedynie u części chorych na nowotwory danego typu histologicznego. Określenie czynnika predykcyjnego — informującego o potencjalnej odpowiedzi na leczenie — jest niezbędne w prawidłowym leczeniu celowanym. Selekcja pacjentów do tego typu terapii odbywa się w większości z wykorzystaniem metod patomorfologicznych wspomaganych technikami biologii molekularnej. Metody selekcji chorych i kryteria oceny czynników predykcyjnych oraz powiązanie ich z tradycyjnymi parametrami nowotworów (takimi jak typ histologiczny, stopień zaawansowania) są ciągle przedmiotem badań. W ostatnich latach, również dla chemioterapeutyków niezaliczanych do leków celowanych, próbuje się określić czynniki predykcyjne. Istotny wpływ na wartość poszczególnych czynników predykcyjnych ma wybór techniki ich określania. Onkol. Prak. Klin. 2010; 6, 5: 228–23

The need for effective study skills under the 21st century: a case of USA and KENYA

Paper presented at the 2nd Strathmore International Mathematics Conference (SIMC 2013), 12 - 16 August 2013, Strathmore University, Nairobi, Kenya.The current world is operating in an economy that values creativity and innovation for scientific and technological development. Education gives people appropriate skills and knowledge they need to address their social problems. Mathematics and Science education is at the centre of this and needs to be at the forefront to connect the present to the future. The fact that a new generation of learners is in our classrooms requiring a paradigm shift in pedagogy is indisputable. Teaching in the same old way and emphasis on examinations, grades, certificates as well as lack of basic facilities have affected learning by generation Y students. As a result, Kenya like the United States of America faces a myriad of problems despite the fact that the youth is a reach reservoir for development. More than 50 per cent of the world's gold reserves, diamond, manganese, chromium, and cobalt are in Africa yet Africans live in the poorest situations imaginable. The United States, despite being the most powerful nation on the planet has, in general, have poor test scores in mathematics if results of international comparative studies are anything to go by. This paper argues in addition to poor teaching methods, strategies, and techniques, the assumption that stu- dents know how to study mathematics once in secondary school, college, and university and the failure to teach the same is partly to blame since year after year, students either drop out, receive poor grades, fail to attend classes and or don't take mathematics seri- ously. Millennials therefore need to be taught study skills in mathematics to ensure quality mathematics learning for creativity and innovativeness in the citizens. This will ensure education empowers Kenya, Africa, and the United States for global competitiveness. In particular, this paper intends to address the following current issues in Kenyan and Unites States schools: 1. Describe the Millennial Student, 2. Ramifications for Kenya and the United States, 3. Kenyan and United States curricula, 4. How to teach effective study skills, 5. What is needed of educators, and 6. What to do in the future.The current world is operating in an economy that values creativity and innovation for scientific and technological development. Education gives people appropriate skills and knowledge they need to address their social problems. Mathematics and Science education is at the centre of this and needs to be at the forefront to connect the present to the future. The fact that a new generation of learners is in our classrooms requiring a paradigm shift in pedagogy is indisputable. Teaching in the same old way and emphasis on examinations, grades, certificates as well as lack of basic facilities have affected learning by generation Y students. As a result, Kenya like the United States of America faces a myriad of problems despite the fact that the youth is a reach reservoir for development. More than 50 per cent of the world's gold reserves, diamond, manganese, chromium, and cobalt are in Africa yet Africans live in the poorest situations imaginable. The United States, despite being the most powerful nation on the planet has, in general, have poor test scores in mathematics if results of international comparative studies are anything to go by. This paper argues in addition to poor teaching methods, strategies, and techniques, the assumption that stu- dents know how to study mathematics once in secondary school, college, and university and the failure to teach the same is partly to blame since year after year, students either drop out, receive poor grades, fail to attend classes and or don't take mathematics seri- ously. Millennials therefore need to be taught study skills in mathematics to ensure quality mathematics learning for creativity and innovativeness in the citizens. This will ensure education empowers Kenya, Africa, and the United States for global competitiveness. In particular, this paper intends to address the following current issues in Kenyan and Unites States schools: 1. Describe the Millennial Student, 2. Ramifications for Kenya and the United States, 3. Kenyan and United States curricula, 4. How to teach effective study skills, 5. What is needed of educators, and 6. What to do in the future